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1996-02-27
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Document 0438
DOCN M9630438
TI Influence of host defense activation on sleep in humans.
DT 9603
AU Pollmacher T; Mullington J; Korth C; Hinze-Selch D; Max-Planck-Institute
of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, Munich,; Germany.
SO Adv Neuroimmunol. 1995;5(2):155-69. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
MED/96043882
AB Despite considerable progress in our understanding of the phenomenology
of sleep and wakefulness, their regulation and peculiar functions are
poorly understood. Recent animal research has revealed considerable
evidence for interactions between host defense and sleep. Therefore, it
has been hypothesized that host response mediators, mainly cytokines
like interleukin-1 (IL-1), are involved in physiological sleep
regulation. Furthermore, it has been suggested that sleep, and non rapid
eye movement (NREM) sleep in particular, has an immuno-supportive
function. In humans, sleep-host defense interactions are just starting
to be understood. There is quite good evidence that some viral diseases
cause excessive sleepiness. Other infectious diseases induce, however,
serious disturbances of the distribution of sleep and wakefulness rather
than excessive sleep. In addition, some disorders with excessive sleep,
daytime fatigue or disturbed night sleep as prominent symptoms are
thought to involve, at least in part, immuno-pathophysiological
mechanisms. Experimental settings have only recently been used to
elucidate host defense-sleep interactions in humans. The effects of
endotoxin, a cell-wall lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative bacteria, on
sleep have been tested in different settings in healthy volunteers.
Endotoxin transiently suppresses rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
independently of the time of the day of administration. Only low doses,
given in the evening, promote NREM sleep. Electorencephalogram (EEG)
power in higher frequency bands is enhanced during NREM sleep, whereas
delta activity is not affected. In rats and rabbits, on the other hand,
the effects of endotoxin and of the mediators of its activity on REM
sleep are variable. Enhanced NREM sleep is a common finding and most
pronounced during the active part of the nycthemeron and, in general,
EEG delta activity is augmented. In view of these species differences,
hypotheses regarding the underlying mechanisms and the biological
significance of host defense-sleep interactions, primarily derived from
the results of animal studies, may not entirely fit human physiology.
They should therefore be re-evaluated and probably modified, through the
use of additional experimental approaches in humans.
DE Animal Bacterial Infections/COMPLICATIONS/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
Endotoxins/PHARMACOLOGY Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
Fibromyalgia/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY Human HIV
Infections/COMPLICATIONS/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY Immune System/PHYSIOLOGY
Mental Disorders/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY Narcolepsy/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
Neuroimmunomodulation/PHYSIOLOGY Rabbits Rats Sleep/DRUG
EFFECTS/*PHYSIOLOGY Sleep Disorders/ETIOLOGY Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Virus Diseases/COMPLICATIONS/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW
REVIEW, ACADEMIC
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).